A Marshall Plan for Africa
Posted by benarmstrong on 10/7/2009 7:22:30 AM.
This policy was first proposed by Glenn Hubbard, former Chair, Council of Economic Advisers (2001-2003).
Level of Government: National
Status: Proposed

Abstract
Background:
In an innovative and daring proposal, Glenn Hubbard advocates a corporate approach to US foreign aid reflecting the Marshall Plan model. As Congress is considering dramatic reform to the institutional channels through which aid is directed, this plan does not offer a new mechanism for aid as much as a new direction that trusts markets and the motive force of private commerce.

Purpose:
The plan seeks to reform aid from government-to-government transfers to a business-centered framework that avoids dependence on the central government for aid delivery and efficacy. In short, the plan seeks to inspire an aid program that stimulates significant economic expansion in the poorest region of the world.

Plans:
Hubbard's proposal focuses more on what has not worked than the specifics of his affirmative proposal. In a nearly full rejection of the conventional wisdom, the plan proposes direct loans from the US government to African businesses (the range of size and industry is not specified).  The plan predicts that the government-to-business loans will lead the domestic commercial sector to expand, building capacity for repayment.  Once repayment is possible, local businesses should repay their loans to the domestic government.  Repaid loans should then be earmarked for infrastructure projects that serve the business sector. Before any country's businesses are to receive aid, the country's must agree to a program that mandates open business practices within the recipient country. Hubbard does not, in this proposal, detail any possible critiques of his plan, nor does he outline how the US should provide aid after the businesses have repaid initial loans.

Resources:
The plan would require new infrastructure that could deliver and monitor US aid given directly to foreign businesses. Moreover, the executive -- with Congressional approval -- would most likely initiate the prescribed philosophical reform.


Policy Details
Hubbard's aid prescription is focused exclusively on African development. He sees business growth as Africa's ticket to macroeconomic expansion. The plan -- US loans to African businesses, which those businesses repay to local governments -- is sold as a supplement to the current efforts in microfinance to promote business development.
Hubbard proposes that America channel its aid through loans to businesses.  His plan focuses American development policy on small and medium business growth, not the developent of infrastructure or political institutions.  Hubbard explicitly recognizes that business growth can come before infrastructure, while corruption will not obviate the aid's effects. His plan is to build the capacity for commercial growth starting at the local level.

Related Links
Think Again: A Marshall Plan for Africa (Foreign Policy): Here is the original outline of Hubbard's plan as described in a Foreign Policy article.

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The following policies address similar issues:
Revitalizing Democracy Assistance proposed by Thomas Carothers, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
A Marshall Plan for Africa proposed by Glenn Hubbard, former Chair, Council of Economic Advisers (2001-2003)