US Defense Policy Survey
Posted by benarmstrong on 3/6/2009 10:06:50 AM.
This policy was first proposed by Defense Secretary Robert Gates, Obama Administration.
Level of Government: National
Status: Implemented

Abstract
Background:
Robert Gates set forth the Obama administration’s defense policy strategy in his first statement before the Senate Armed Services Committee on January 27, 2009.  Gates outlined the chief security issues facing the new administration and how the Obama team will approach them. 

Purpose:
The defense strategy is intended to build and sustain a constructive military presence internationally in order to eliminate and deter threats against the United States and her allies; and sustain a functional, modern and well-equipped military.

Plans:
In the broadest terms, Gates proposes that US defense policy engage foreign threats with non-military measures.  He argues for active diplomacy and sharp sanctions.  More specifically, he chooses to focus political energy on the nuclear threats that Iran and N. Korea pose as well as nuclear deterrence more broadly.  The specter of the ascendant Russian and Chinese militaries, coupled with cyber threats, also pose challenges for US defense policy.  The proposed solution involves a new distribution of attention more so than specific programs and measures.  See the policy headings for more details. 

Resources:
Gates argues for the implementation of these measures within the current defense budget.  For more details on budgetary reform, see procurement.

 



Policy Details
Iran and North Korea: Gates describes the threats of Iran and North Korea in terms of proliferation. He describes non-violent means of deterring the threats. Sanctions, coupled with low oil prices, can stifle Iran’s threat potential; coordinated diplomacy with Iraq may also present constructive pressure. For North Korea, Gates pledges to continue the US commitment to six-party talks and maintain a commitment to denuclearization.

Afghanistan and Pakistan: The nature of the troop presence in Afghanistan is currently under a review coordinated with NATO. It is expected that the review will recommend that the US increase its troop presence in Afghanistan by over 10,000 soldiers. Gates’s more definitive policy argues that the US military should focus on working with Provincial Reconstruction Teams and local governments in order to foment effective reconstruction. The goal is to weaken the Taliban presence and remove opportunities for al Qaeda infestation. As for Pakistan, the plan is to ally with the Pakistani government in order to coordinate counterinsurgency measures in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).
Iraq: Gates pledges to maintain a commitment to the Status of Forces Agreement, which removes our military presence by 2011. However, he does note that we will continue to be “involved in Iraq on some level for many years to come – assuming a sovereign Iraq continues to seek our partnership.”

The policy labels the expansion of the Russian military as a potential threat that deserves monitoring and attention.

The policy faces the threat of an ascendant Chinese military with particular attention to Chinese satellite technologies and potential threats to bases and naval assets. In addition to the direct telephone link he arranged with the Chinese defense ministry, he commits to continued engagement in a “strategic dialogue.”

Space and Technology: Gates commits to protecting US access to space via satellites and prioritizes the protection of technology networks and interests.

Gates will prioritize the expansion of Unmanned Aerial Systems for intelligence collection and Mine Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicles for counterinsurgency measures. Gates proposes that the DoD purchase systems that are cost-effective in order to promote “budget stability.” He argues for a more unified defense acquisition process to avoid parochialism and waste.

Gates stresses due focus on nuclear stewardship. He argues that, beginning with the Air Force, the US needs to improve its inspection protocol and unify the responsible bureaucratic structures. Specifically, Gates proposes creating a new Global Strike Command under which all Air Force nuclear capabilities are housed; the plan will headquarter policy for nuclear deployment in an office of Strategic Deterrence and Nuclear Integration. Pursuant to task force recommendations, Gates will review the possibility of creating an Assistant Secretary of Defense for Deterrence and crafting a new “strategic roadmap” for our nuclear arsenal. Notwithstanding, prudent management of US nuclear capabilities is one of Gates’s priorities.

Veteran Care: Gates pledges to continue and expand Veterans’ health care programs, particularly those focusing on stress disorders, brain injuries and other common ailments emanating from the most recent conflicts. He pledges funding for health research tailored to veterans and continues Warrior Transition Units meant to facilitate troop rehabilitation. Gates also proposes that Veterans health information is modernized and coordinated with new technological platforms. 

Forces

National Guard: Gates for the expansion of active military forces and increased support for the National Guard. The plan is to provide more funding and policy support for guard troops without blurring the lines between guard duty and active service.


Related Links
New York Times Report on Gates Testimony: The Caucus blog of the New York Times presents a brief account of Gates's statement on defense policy. The analysis of the statement focuses largely on Afghanistan policy.
2008 Election Defense Policy Positions (Council on Foreign Relations): The Council on Foreign Relations outline the candidates' ideas for the future of defense policy, particularly the size and role of the military.
Full-text of Gates's Defense Policy Statement: Here is the statement that Gates submitted to the Senate Armed Services Committee and from which this brief was written.
Analysis of Statement's Implications for Afghanistan (McClatchy): In this video interview and article, McClatchy newspapers focuses on the Afghanistan piece of Robert Gates's testimony on defense policy.
Defense Policy Overview (Reuters): Before Obama was inaugurated, this Reuters article offered a brief description of what Obama was likely to do in the major arenas of defense policy.
Gates Outlines the FY 2009 Defense Budget (Transcript): Secretary Gates presents the Defense Dept. budget to Congress, arguing for certain cuts on new weapons systems, a small expansion of the military and a variety of other new initiatives. More stories will be included in the full brief.

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